Methods & interpretation

Read the evidence behind the number.

A chart is a starting point for a question. Its meaning depends on the definition, period, unit and source of each observation.

Missing is different from zero

Unavailable values remain gaps. They are not filled or interpolated. A country’s year slider includes years with at least one sourced numeric observation; it does not promise that every metric is available in that year.

Units come first

Distinguish totals from values per person, percentages from percentage-point changes, and current prices from constant prices. Currency conversion does not by itself adjust for inflation or purchasing power. Read each metric’s description before comparing values.

Source selection matters

Different providers may report different values or definitions for the same period. Country metric views can use the highest-ranked available source; comparison views require unambiguous sources by default. Use the source filter and inspect evidence when a conflict or gap appears. Ranking is a selection rule, not a guarantee of accuracy.

Chronology and coverage

“Previous available” means the preceding recorded period, which may not be the preceding year. Coverage counts describe the available periods in the displayed series, rather than a quality score. Historical borders and statistical definitions can change; consult the provider’s methodology for comparability.

Calculations stay inspectable

Calculated metrics expose their formula and underlying evidence. Inputs resolve to the same country and period. Missing or conflicting inputs can prevent a result. Indexed and growth views transform values for a specific question; they do not create a country ranking or an overall score.

Display precision and revisions

Tables group digits and round long decimals for readability. Open “Exact value” beside a rounded figure to inspect the stored value. Providers may revise historical observations, so record your source and access date when citing results.

Explore responsibly

Two lines moving together do not establish cause and effect. Check context, definitions and coverage before explaining a trend. Browse the source directory and each observation’s evidence for attribution and provider terms.

Spot something that needs checking?

Send a data correction request with the page URL, metric, period and supporting source. Our administrators can review the evidence.